A | The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a notice suggesting it may consider a proposal to ban the use of formaldehyde in hair straightening and hair smoothing products.The FDA's consideration of the proposal was entered in the Unified Agenda, a government registry of actions that administrative agencies plan to issue.There is no set timeline on when the agency may consider the proposal or when, if it moves forward, a ban would go into effect.Frequent use of hair-straightening products that include chemicals like formaldehyde has been found in studies to put women at a higher risk for uterine cancer.One study published last year found an association that women who self-reported frequent use of hair straightening products were more than twice as likely to later develop uterine cancer than women who did not use the products. Scientists caution that it's not clear yet if these products cause cancer. For now, research only hints at only a probable link.Uterine cancer, a type of cancer that starts in the uterus, is a risk factor for anyone with a uterus, but the risk increases with age, especially during and after menopause, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Last year's study found that Black women may be more affected by the increased risk of uterine cancer not because of their race, but due to the fact that they use chemical hair straightening products at a higher rate. Frequent use of the products was defined as more than four times in the previous year, according to the study, which included more than 33,000 women between the ages of 35 to 74.Formaldehyde is described by the Environmental Protection Agency as a "colorless, flammable gas" that can cause "adverse health effects" with exposure. When used in hair smoothing products, the formaldehyde is released into the air as a gas when the products are heated.The Department of Health and Human Services lists formaldehyde as a "known carcinogen."The FDA issued a warning last year stating that the use of hair smoothing products in an area that is not properly ventilated could lead to a risk of a person inhaling formaldehyde. In the warning, the agency acknowledged it began receiving "inquiries from consumers and salon professionals" about the safety of formaldehyde in products as far back as 20 years ago.Melanie Benesh, vice president for government affairs at the Environmental Working Group, an environmental advocacy organization, described the FDA's consideration of a ban on formaldehyde as a move that is "welcome, but long overdue."Benesh pointed out that the Environmental Working Group published a report as early as 2011 on the widespread use of formaldehyde in hair product brands and in salons across the U.S."The FDA has been aware of this issue for a long time," Benesh told "Good Morning America," adding, "There is no reason that the FDA shouldn’t have acted earlier on what is a real public health issue, particularly for salon workers."The FDA did not reply to ABC News' request for comment in response to Benesh's claim that the agency should have acted sooner.Benesh added that salon workers are at increased risk of adverse health effects due to their prolonged exposure to the types of hair treatments that include chemicals, including keratin treatments and Brazilian blowouts."Consumers are going to be exposed if they get one of those treatments or if you're in the salon while someone else is getting that same kind of treatment," she said. "But salon workers are more likely to do multiple treatments a day or multiple treatments a week and over the course of a year, and so those repeat exposures can really add up to an increased risk."California and Maryland recently passed state legislation banning the use of formaldehyde in hair straightening products. Both laws are set to go into effect January 2025.Benesh noted there are hair straightening and smoothing products currently on the market that do not use formaldehyde. She said her advice to consumers and salon workers is to not wait for regulatory action but instead refrain from using hair products with formaldehyde on their own."There's no reason to wait until the law takes effect or until a proposed rule takes effect to switch to safer products, or to just no longer offer those services if you can't find a hair smoothing or hair straightening treatment that you like that doesn't use formaldehyde," Benesh said. "It's not worth the risk. It's not worth your stylists or your consumers potentially getting cancer just to have straight hair."。 人民解放军东部战区陆军公开了陆地“撒手锏”，近日，在东战陆军自己制作的新媒体栏目“东陆先锋”中，首次公开了东部战区陆军某重型旅与无人战斗车辆、多旋翼式无人机进行联合演练的画面，画面中出现多型号无人战斗车辆、多旋翼无人机与有人作战装备、装甲步兵配合，细节满满。 那么，此次东部战区陆军某部公布了哪些地面无人作战装备呢？视频中公开的有这样几款，首先当然是某型战斗机器人了，这是一款轻型、四对负重轮、看起来比几个步兵大不了多少的小型履带式装甲车辆，底盘上安装有综合式的遥控武器站、火控站等设施。 除了光电式观瞄系统，还配备有1挺7.62毫米通用机枪（可能是直接套用的步战车和主战坦克上的坦克机枪）、2具可复装式的攻坚火箭筒（当然应该也可以配备反坦克导弹和巡飞弹等精确弹药）、2具反坦克导弹（位于车体右侧，但视频中缺装），该车在去年的“九三”大阅兵上出现过，当时车体上还有“ZRY-222”字样，后来又在北方车辆集团的某个宣传视频里大量出现过，很明显已经是作为制式装备列装的、普装至陆军重型旅的地面无人战斗车辆了。 从该战斗机器人的火力配系看，仅仅这一台战斗机器人的火力，就相当于一个班用机枪组、一个配备PF-98A型火箭筒或者红箭-12反坦克导弹的反坦克组、还有两个带了非编制表内武器攻坚火箭筒的步兵，可谓是一个机器人顶仨，如果考虑到它的火控系统远远比单兵要准，作战效能很有可能比普通装步步兵还高，估计综合发挥出的作战效能会远远超过一个下车的装步班。 除了这台最引人注意的无人战斗机器人，另外一台无人破障机器人别看貌不惊人，但其实同样重要，该机器人同样在去年的“九三”大阅兵上出现过，同样使用了履带式设计，四个负重轮，但从负重轮直径和车体大小来看，比前面的无人战斗机器人战斗全重要大不少；在“九三”大阅兵上，该无人破障机器人上面有“GPJ-221”字样，现在看这种机器人上安装了一个扫雷辊，一个推土铲，预计在车体顶部还安装有用于在雷场打开通道的排雷索。 最值得注意的是，在车体后方的舱体里还装备了一架多旋翼式无人机，应当是某些商用型无人机的军用版本，无人机应当是侦察型的，安装有整合式的光电观瞄系统，可以用于对战场态势进行监视，但是在有必要的情况下，应当也可以携带投弹用配件、承担对目标的“垂直打击”任务。从这个角度看，这台扫雷破障机器人，可谓是身兼数职，同时承担打开雷场通道、为主战坦克开辟进攻通道、实施土工作业破坏/构筑工事、使用无人机进行战场侦察的作战职能，某种意义上来说，它甚至比前面的战斗机器人的地位还要高。 有了“ZRY-222”无人战斗机器人、“GPJ-221”无人扫雷破障机器人，视频中还出现了一个模糊不清的“小玩意儿”，同样也是无人作战车辆，只不过从它的前脸看，应该不是前面出现的这两款车，但由于是装步单位，也不至于在一票履带化装备中另外再装备轮式作战车辆，因此这应当是另外一款履带式无人作战机器人——至于它承担怎样的作战使命，前面有扫雷破障的，有冲锋陷阵的，它看着貌不惊人、甚至看不到明显的底盘上的设备，那大概是用于弹药、备品运输的，毕竟无论是步战车里还是单兵，能携带的弹药、器材的数量和种类毕竟都是有限的，将一些弹药、备件放在无人战斗机器人上，可以极大地提升保障的效率。 同时，这种运输型战斗机器人，除了可以用于运输弹药、运输备件、运输器材，还可以用于伤员转运，毕竟一旦有伤员的话，分出两个装步兵或者专门拿出一辆步战车、把伤员送到后方包扎所，将对战斗力造成损耗，而如果交给无人机器人的话，那就方便多了，把伤员放在无人运输机器人身上，机器人自己就能找路把伤员送回包扎所，其余装备、装步兵直接继续进攻就行了，所以别看它就承担个运输任务，但是无论是从它运输的弹药、器材上，还是从它可以承担伤员转运上，这都是个战力“倍增器”。 因此，从咱们的重型部队列装的战斗机器人来看，不包括装备给各装步班的机器狗机器狼什么的，也不包括可能装备给主战坦克车组、步兵战车车组的手抛式、小型旋翼式无人机什么的，列装到连排一级的战斗机器人至少包括三种：其一是冲锋陷阵、带着通用机枪、火箭筒和反坦克导弹的“战斗型”。 其二是一马当先、带着大型多旋翼无人机、扫雷辊和推土铲、排雷索的“破障型”；其三是跟在后面、肚大能装带着大量备用弹药、器材、装备，还可以兼顾运输个人员、运送个伤员的“运输型”，三种战斗机器人正好，破障、作战、运输齐备，组合起来可以承担多种任务，还可以与配备给班一级的机器狗、机器狼、小型多旋翼无人机等形成装备上的衔接关系，这看来就是目前我陆军战斗机器人的装备情况了。 展示了这老多战斗机器人，东部战区陆军似乎不过瘾，还给咱们专门拍了一张大全景图，展示了有人战斗装备、无人战斗装备、装甲步兵到底是怎么有机结合起来的，从照片中反映的情况看，咱们摆了一个以主战坦克为核心的大阵：核心是一台ZTZ-96A型主战坦克，主战坦克左右两翼，则分别有一台ZBD-04A型步兵战车，左翼步兵战车前方配置一台“战斗型”机器人，右翼步兵战车前方配置一台“破障型”机器人，头顶上则有一架从“破障型”机器人起飞的多旋翼无人机、进行战场态势感知，整个大阵后方几十米处，还跟着一台“运输型”机器人，而所有步兵都处于下车、徒步进攻的状态，分为左、中、右三个战斗小组，除了中央战斗小组围绕坦克展开，左右两翼战斗小组都是围绕着机器人展开战斗队形的。 因此，就这一张全景式照片，咱们大概也就能知道，陆军的有人-无人战斗车辆大阵是怎么摆的了，看起来，咱们倾向于让1台主战坦克、2台步兵战车（带着2个装步班）组成一个战斗单元，一个战斗单元配3台战斗机器人、1台无人机，不包括装步班自己带的旋翼式无人机、机器狗机器狼什么的。
B | 而从这样一个战斗单元的进攻队形上来看，虽然只是一个演示性的画面，但是也显而易见，有人战斗装备都已经退到后面去了，这也是俄乌冲突战场上的现成经验，毕竟俄乌冲突战场上，在一些热点地区的战线，只要主战坦克、步兵战车这样的高价值装备出现在视野里，马上就会被监视的无人机发现，随后会立即遭到各种FPV自杀式无人机的集火，再先进的主战坦克和步兵战车，面对这么密集的火力，也会在很短的时间里变成一堆废铁，因此战时无论是步兵战车还是主战坦克，都不能冲在最前面，保持在纵深地域待机，时刻准备使用曲射火力对前线进行支援才是最重要的。 战时冲在最前面的，现在来看必然是装步兵和战斗机器人了——首先是破障机器人出动对进攻通道进行清扫，然后战斗机器人跟着往上冲，在冲锋的过程中，和装甲步兵协同掩护——当然，装甲步兵甚至都有可能不会出现在一线了，到时候跟着配属给这样一个战斗单元、作为第一梯队往前冲的，指不定是装步班的两个机器狗，头上还有一架多旋翼无人机监视战场、标记火力点、乃至直接投弹歼灭敌方单兵。 在这个过程中，后面的1门125毫米坦克炮、2门100毫米步战车炮、2门30毫米步战车机关炮随时准备火力支援，两个装步班还有大量火力时刻支援，一个战斗模块的所有火力如同火刺猬，攻击防御能力全部满格，光是反坦克火力就有四组、甚至有六组，这才是现代化装甲步兵的正确打开方式嘛。 这套系统还有什么值得改进的地方？有，毕竟现代战场，对无人机的防御同样应该是战场防御的重中之重，这个战斗单元似乎缺乏反无能力，因此随着时间的推移，指不定我们还会在这样一个战斗单元里面编组反无装备，当然了，这就是另外一个故事了。
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